From Salwar-Kameez to Hijab: The Crisis of Indian Muslim Identity
A subtle cultural shift is reshaping Indian Muslim identity as “Arabization” or “Gulfization” grows through Gulf migration, petro-funded ideology, global media, and aspirational class markers. This trend replaces India’s syncretic Ganga-Jamuni Islamic heritage—rooted in Sufism, local customs, and shared cultural practices—with stricter, standardized doctrines. Changing dress, food habits, and especially the veil symbolize this shift, shaped by caste and patriarchy: historically an Ashraf privilege, now promoted as universal piety, marginalizing Pasmanda culture. Politically, visible “Arab” markers intensify Islamophobic narratives, creating a cycle of resistance. True empowerment lies in embracing an Islam harmonious with India’s indigenous traditions.
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